Tokenomics
$SHARD is the native asset of ShardoChain. Supply is fixed at one billion. Validators earn 100 % of transaction fees on the blocks they produce, plus a pro-rata share of a 400 million SHARD inflation reward distributed linearly over ten years.
Supply
| Total supply | 1 000 000 000 SHARD |
| Subdivision | 1 SHARD = 10^18 shardoshi |
| Inflation cap | 400 000 000 SHARD over 10 years (linear) |
| Mechanism | Block reward to active validators (own + delegated stake weighted) |
Fees
| Min fee | 0.0001 SHARD (10^14 shardoshi) |
| Distribution | 100 % to the block producer |
| Burn | 0 % |
| Gas accounting | 21 000 baseline transfer; WASM scales with operations |
| Block gas limit | 200 000 000 |
The fee floor exists to deny dust-spam mempool flooding. There is no
priority queue today: any TX paying ≥ min_fee
is admitted on a FIFO basis until the mempool is full
(capacity 100 000) or the per-sender quota (1 000) is reached.
Staking
| Min stake (mainnet) | 100 000 SHARD |
| Min stake (testnet) | 1 000 SHARD |
| Min stake (devnet) | 100 SHARD |
| Unbonding period | 7 governance epochs (~3.5 h on mainnet) |
| Delegation | Any account can delegate to any validator (no minimum) |
| Reward distribution | Per reward_epoch = 20 × governance epoch |
Reward formula
For each reward epoch:
epoch_inflation = TOTAL_INFLATION / TOTAL_REWARD_EPOCHS // 400M / (10y × ~876 epochs/y) ≈ 45 678 SHARD total_active_stake = sum(validator.stake + sum(delegations)) for each active validator: share = (validator.stake + delegated) / total_active_stake reward = epoch_inflation × share validator.reward_pool += reward * (1 - validator.commission_rate) delegators_pool += reward * validator.commission_rate
Rewards are claimable via claim-rewards.
Jailed validators do not accrue rewards for the slashing window.
Slashing
| Offence | Severity | Cap |
|---|---|---|
| Equivocation (double-sign) | 5 % of stake | One event = full slash |
| Downtime (per epoch) | 1 ‰ | 5 % cumulative |
| Jail | 3 consecutive offline epochs | Excluded from rewards |
| Auto-removal | 7 consecutive offline epochs | Stake unbonded |
Validator economics example
Assume mainnet conditions:
- 21 active validators · own + delegated stake roughly equal (avg ~50 M SHARD each, hypothetical)
- Average TX fee 0.0001 SHARD; chain at 8 000 TPS sustained
- Validator commission 5 % on delegations, 0 % on own stake
Rough yearly take-home for an average validator (~1/21 of fees + rewards):
- Fees: 8 000 × 86 400 × 365 × 0.0001 / 21 ≈ 1 200 000 SHARD/year (high — assumes saturated chain)
- Inflation share: 400 M / 10y / 21 ≈ 1 904 000 SHARD/year
These are illustrative; actual values depend on real network usage and stake distribution.
Foundation
Genesis includes a foundation address with the initial supply minus the inflation pool. The foundation key has special authority for permissioned-mode operations:
- Whitelist add/remove validators (mainnet starts permissioned, transitions to permissionless via governance)
- Emergency pause (halts block production network-wide; requires a follow-up unpause TX to resume)
Foundation operations are on-chain and explorable. The foundation cannot mint or burn supply — those are protocol-level invariants.